| Off-Exchange Foreign Currency Trading |
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| Trading in foreign currency futures and options contracts by retail customers outside of an organized exchange is unlawful unless the party offering the futures and options contracts is a regulated entity described in the Commodity Exchange Act enforced by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. More... |
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| Corporate Loans to Directors and Officers |
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| At common law, a corporation's surplus funds could lawfully be loaned to directors and officers of the corporation unless the loan was fundamentally unfair to the shareholders, concealed from the shareholders, or fraudulent. The circumstances under which a corporation may permissibly make loans to directors and officers are now largely governed by statute. The permissibility of such loans varies from state to state. Most jurisdictions have adopted some version of the Revised Model Business Corporation Act (Act). Under the Act, a corporation generally cannot make a personal loan to an officer or a director unless the loan has been approved (or subsequently ratified) by a majority of the shareholders. If an approved loan is challenged, judicial review is often focused on whether the loan was fair overall to the corporation and its shareholders. More... |
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| Employment Law |
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| Protection for Solid Waste Disposal Act Whistleblowers
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| Federal Antitrust Actions by States |
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| States are "persons" within the meaning of the Clayton Act and are entitled to bring actions on their own behalf for damages resulting to State property from violation of provisions of federal antitrust laws. For example, a state may bring a federal antitrust action for treble damages against companies that agreed on what bids would be made on a state construction project. More... |
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| Regulation of the Price of Mutual Fund Shares |
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| The Securities and Exchange Commission requires that open-ended mutual fund shares must be sold at their net asset value per share plus allowable sales charges or fees. Under Rule 22c-1 of the Commission, an issuer, underwriter, or dealer may not redeem or repurchase a share of a registered investment company or mutual fund "except at a price based on the current net asset value of such security..." More... |
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